Personal Care Services by the Home Health Aide Essay

Personal Care Services by the Home Health Aide - Essay Example Steps and guidelines for common personal care. The client in need of home healthcare may require assistance in personal care. The home health aide should have skills such as bed bath, tab bathing and shower bathing. They should be conversant with the guidelines for transferring the client or lifting the client when they want to change position. Personal care skills will also include lifting the patient from the floor. The personal care skills are necessary because the client may not be able to move independently. Their mobility can be limited because they suffered from a stroke that may have caused brain damage, body weakness or caused them to have unusual posture. Correct steps in personal care eases positioning and transfer as well as, maintains comfort for the client. The steps and guidelines in personal care assist in fostering safety when moving the client. The client and the home health aide reduce the chances of injury when conducting personal care as Birchenall (2012, p. 33) mentions. A bed bath is refreshing, allows skin inspection and allows change of beddings. A bed bath begins with ensuring privacy, informing the client of the intention of bath and maintaining a good conversation. The home health aide should prepare for bath by ensuring the room temperature is warm, close door, window and curtains for confidentiality. Collect all the equipment and materials to include: big pan or bowl, two firm chairs, soap and soap dish, bathing cloth, towels, newspaper for protection of chair from becoming wet and preferred cloths. The two chairs can be placed next to the bed, and then one chair is covered with the newspapers. The soap, dish and big pan are placed on the covered chair. The other chair is for placing the beddings. Light covers can be left to make the bed have warmth. The client can be requested to cooperate or assist in removing cloths, from top to bottom. The top can be cleaned, dried out and covered with cloths before moving to the bottom. The body parts t hat are paralyzed should be the last when removing cloths. The bottom cloths should be slipped slowly from waist to knee to the feet, one side first and then the other side if the person is unable to lift weight. Only the areas being cleaned should not be covered. The water in the bowl should be half full and tested with elbow for appropriate temperature. The soap should be kept in the dish and wash cloth used as required (Birchenall and Streight, 2003, p. 66). To wash the client’s face, the neck and bellow should be covered. Dampen cloth and squeeze all water and hold all the

British Airways Essay Example for Free

British Airways Essay Going into more deep and applying this theory to such company as British Airways I can say that Product strategy is the main strategy of Marketing Mix (4 P’S). Without Product strategy there is no Place, Price and Promotion. Speaking about BA it is transporting industry its product is not physical and cannot be touched. British Airways product strategy includes flight  services, quality of flights, various destinations across Europe and  the world, executive class, business class, speed, security, support  facilities and years of experience. Nowadays, the main aircrafts which BA uses to transport people are Airbus A318-100, Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-200, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 737–400, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777–200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787–8, Boeing 787–9. Most of the airplanes which are 77% use either Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines. Another 23% is divided between General Electric  and the  CFM International  consortium. To the year 2012 BA operates over 400 aircraft, carries over 62  million passengers annually, and serves more than 200 destinations. British Airways is not only Airline Company it also has its own  engineering branch  to exploit its aircraft fleet, this includes line maintenance at over 70 airports around the world. One more vital option of 4 p’s is Place. The main â€Å"place† were customers can consume services of British Airways is situated in Waterside, close to its main airport at London Heathrow Airport. However BA is international company and you can also find it in main airports all over the world. Also there are two important service centers in Glasgow  and  Cardiff Airports. Turning to the third option which is Price the organization should set the price relative with the value delivered and perceived by the  customer. British Airways has set its services in the way that customers can chose how much they want to pay for this service. Comparing with other Airline Companies BA poses four types of services economy class, premium economy class, business class, premium business class. The difference is in quality of â€Å"product which are you consuming† and the price. So price of the tickets are varied from ? 00 to ? 400. Main success of the company depends on its promotion. People in the promotional team of British Airways know their. First slogan The Worlds Favourite Airline was established in 1989 with the song of The Flower Duet by  Leo Delibes. After this there were a lot of changes like Upgrade to British Airways, The Worlds Favourite Airline, The Worlds Best Airline, Well Take More Care Of You, and Fly the Flag. One of the latest tricks was â€Å"Christmas gift voucher† which is promotional prices. This works during the Christmas holidays and offers lowest prices for their customers. For example flying to 14 travel zones from ? 59 return on UK and Europe destinations and  from ? 269 return on the rest of the world In the end I would like to say that British Airlines is one of the biggest companies in this area and one of the best companies. For a long time it provides its clients with high level services and security which is the most important things in this business. Meanwhile, price is responsible to the quality. Service is easily available and well promoted.

Religion and Moby Dick :: Moby Dick Essays

Religion and Moby Dick  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Job was a man of the purest faith. When the world shunned God, Job's faith never declined. Job was a wealthy, handsome man with a beautiful wife and a vast amount of property. At some point in time, Satan made a bet with God that if Job situation was changed, his faith would quickly falter. On this note, God took Job's wealth, his property, his family, and his wife. When times were at their worst, God gave Job pus welts on Job's face, taking his looks. Job's faith, however, did not falter, instead it becamestronger. Job passed the test. God then healed Job, gave him more land, greater wealth , and a better wife. Job was baffled, he wondered the purpose behind his fall and rise. When he asked God this, God replied: "...Because I'm God." That was answer enough. On an opposite note, Jonah was a man whom God called upon to become a prophet. Jonah refused because he didn't desire a life of servitude. Knowing that he had committed an ultimate sin, Jonah fled to the ocean, risking hundreds of crew members' lives, believing that God would not be able to follow. In the sea, Jonah was swallowed by God in the form of a whale In the whale's belly, he repented and prayed for forgiveness. He was spit up by the whale upon dry land and all was forgiven. Man fears God. God created all life and all matter, he maintained it, and he can very easily take it back. Man realizes this, and those of the purest faith must pay a lifetime of homage and servitude. At least this is the key behind all God-believing religions. In a part of the Hindu faith, there is a God called Shiva. He is believed to be the "restorer and destroyer of worlds." Shiva is one of the most temperamental gods of any faith, he'll destroy the world on a simple whim. At one time, he even cut off his son's head and turned it into an Elephant face. One example of the type of faith Shiva requires is found in the story of a man who desired power more than anything. In order to obtain this power, he had to get sacred weapons created by Shiva. He began a deep meditation to obtain the weapons. This went on until his meditation clouded the heavens and angered Shiva himself.

Children and Technology

Ashraf Islam Okanagan College English 100-003 6 February 2013 Children and Technology Since the early Twenty First Century, there has been vast advancement in technology, particularly in the field of computers that are developing faster than even the blinking of our eyes. Simultaneously, technology has become a vital part of our daily lives. Most of our activities are the part and product of technology; starting from the way we receive our news through various websites and digital newspapers, paying bills online, sending and receiving email, and finding research information all on the Internet.More than 500 million people communicate and keep in touch with friends through online social networking (Hatch). As adults became increasingly more dependent and absorbed by technology, it is likely that the children of today have become enthusiastic users as well. Laptops and smart phones are being developed for children as young as five to ten years old. Since the minds of the children are c omplex and insensitive, there is indeed anxiety among many adults about how these technologies can bring about changes in children’s social life.As Hutchby and Ellis said â€Å"both ‘childhood’ and ‘technology’ to be accorded an unproblematic status, each treated as having a stable and self-evident existence as there is a straightforward impact of one upon another†(1). Specifically, children’s engagement with internet social sites and violent games has generated considerable concern and additionally mass media observations and discussion. There is an obvious argument that children’s exposure to these technologies will help them to cope with future challenges that they will no doubt encounter in their careers.While on the other hand, it is argued that children who are using technology are becoming more indolent, unappreciative and more prone to health related problem. Nonetheless, access to certain technology under proper guidance is a critical component for today’s children not only to gain a better grasp of modern education thereby preparing them for the future challenge but also to improve their social development and health. In the absence of proper technological knowledge, Children will not learn the skills that will essentially help them to compete in today’s world that is progressively more relying on new technological inventions.There have been several studies on the positive impact that technology has on children in the field of education. It has been observed that introducing SMART board technology in the classroom can act as catalyst to increase students’ motivation and to enhance communication between teachers and students. According to the result of a 40-year retrospective study done by Concordia University in Canada, introducing technology in the class does have a positive impact on younger minds.Newer and more sophisticated applications of technology produce even greater p ositive impact; iPads, for instance, enable portable creativity and make education fun, which is always a good sign (Techvibe). Professor Richard Schmid, chairman of the education department at Concordia said â€Å"Where technology does have a positive impact is when it actively engages students, when it's used as a communication tool, when it's used for things like simulations or games that enable students to actively manipulate the environment†(Techvibes).According to Dr. Joseph J. Kerski, who is an  Education Industry Curriculum Development Manager on the Education Team in Denver, Colorado, USA (Esri), implementation of the Geographic Information System (GIS) software in over 1,000 high schools across the nation has significantly increased students’ motivation, communication and learning, especially on the part of visual and non-traditional learners. Technology prepares students at a young age for the workforce. This skill is becoming more and more of a vital in o ur technically advanced society.According to the US Department of Commerce, sixty percent of jobs today require technological skills, and this is expected to increase to ninety percent in the next fifty years (Hatch). Today’s parents are more concerned about the emerging social networking sites that are occupying the minds of most of the children of this generation. Children getting expose to uncensored materials and sensitive issues on the internet and cases like online bulling and harassment which can cause devastated situation like committing suicide are likely to create such fear around them.However, new research in this regard has discovered that technology can actually act as a new medium for children to increase and maintain a good social connection among their relatives and friends. It can provide a virtual platform to shape their identity by demonstrating their knowledge and creativity. Sites like Facebook, Tweeter, MySpace, YouTube and Skype have become childrenâ₠¬â„¢s new virtual park where they can make new friends, play games with each other and create new pages or videos to share their ideas and perception.In general, these social sites have become a way for people of all ages to connect and keep in touch with people they already know, instead of forming bonds with new people. This medium is also helping them to involuntarily improving their technological abilities by exposing them to various skills like communication, typing speed, hand and eye coordination, basic software knowledge and gathering information for research. Over use of these mediums can always be monitored and controlled by parents if they are concern about their children.Larry D. Rosen, PhD, Professor of Psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, who did a research on the impact of social networking sites on children, said â€Å"Parents are encouraged to assess their child’s activities on social networking sites, and discuss removing inappropriat e content or connections to people who appear problematic. Parents also need to pay attention to the online trends and the latest technologies; websites and applications children are using (APA).It’s undeniable that these social media have changed the landscape of the socializing process especially among the young people and uses of these are likely to increase more in coming years. â€Å"Exergaming† technologies like Kinect and Nintando Wii that require players to perform physical activities in order to play a game have become popular in recent years not only among the children but also adults. Unlike traditional video games, which are more sedentary based, this new gaming technology requires lot of physical movement to win.Well known of these games are Wii Sports, in which children and adults can play virtual games, such as tennis and baseball, and Just Dance! for the Kinnect. A game highly geared toward exercise is Wii Fit Plus, which includes activities for yoga, a erobics, and balance improvement; it also allows users to chart their progress and see how well they are improving (Hatch). It also helps parents to spend some time with their children which are also an essential part of their social development.Even though exergames should not replace real life exercising, this new gaming technology is proven to be a new way to motivate children to do exercise more frequently producing a positive effects on health and fitness (FITDAY). With growing concern about children suffering from obesities, it is noteworthy that exergaming can significantly help by burning off some calories resulting in weight loss thereby improving body coordination and movements.Technology has become an integral part of our lives and society and it is likely to be there with us for the rest our lives. It will be ever evolving and advanced and keeping up and staying will be the challenge. Since everything in this world is some way or the other connected to technologies, cons idering technology a hindrance for today’s children is impractical notion. Indeed, technologies can have negative impacts but good parenting and proper guidance by teachers can help the children to gain the benefits out of the technologies around them.Since the children of this generation will be valuable resource for the future, proper use of technologies and getting the maximum benefits out these to prepare them for the future should be an important priority for all of us. Works Cited â€Å"Social Networking’s Good and Bad Impacts on Kids† American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association, 6 August. 2011. Web. 15 Feb 2013. â€Å"The Benefits of Exergaming for Kids† FITDAY. InternetBrands, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. â€Å"The Esri Education Team† Esri. Esri Headquarters,n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Hatch, Kristina E.. Determining the Effects of Technology on Children† (2011). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 260. http://digitalco mmons. uri. edu/srhonorsprog/260 Knowlton Thomas. â€Å"Does Technology Have a Positive Overall Effect on Classroom Learning? Canadian Study Says Yes† Techvibe. Techvibes Media Inc. , 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Mizen Phil ,  Ian Hutchby,  Jo Moran-Ellis,  Christopher John Pole,  Angela J. Bolton, ed(s). Children, Technology, and Culture: The Impacts of Technologies in Children's Everyday Lives The Future of Childhood Series (illustrated). London: Routledge, 2001. Web

Principles and Articles of the US Constitution Essay

When one speaks of checks and balances in government you must understand what is really being asked. It is simply a system set up of the three branches of government that can either amend or veto an act of another branch as to prevent any one branch from having too much power over the other. Is this system effective? Over time, the Constitution has been interpreted and amended to adapt to changing circumstances, and the powers exercised by the federal government have changed with it. For instance because the federal government can influence the states it has the right to withhold federal funds from the states that do not want to go along with their plans whatever they maybe. Because the government can only exercise those powers specifically granted by Constitution, it is important to protection the rights and powers of the people. This includes the freedom of speech, press, and religion; the right to be free from unlawful searches and to a trail by jury, all of which are the first 10 amendments. Numerous real life conflicts have put this system to test over the past couple of centuries, but have stood fairly strong for over 200 years. From the resignation of Nixon over the Watergate scandal to Clinton’s impeachment over the affair with Ms. Lewinsky (Checks and Balances within the U. S Government) it proofs that this system can guard the U. S from any tyranny from administration corruption, scandals and cover-ups. So yes this system proves to be effective to me and that all the government branches remain important and no reform is deemed necessary at this time. How does a bill become a law? Getting a bill passed as a law takes time and effort on part of the U. S. House of Representatives. I’ll give a brief summary of the steps from bill to law. First and foremost a bill is just an idea either from the representatives or the people at which time if agreed upon it then becomes a bill. Next, other representatives have to support the bill, if so then it is placed in a box next to the clerks’ desk, assigned a number and then read to the house. The speaker of the house then sends it to the committee for review, research and revisions before sending it back to the house floor. Sometimes additional information is required and then the bill is sent to sub-committees before being an approved. Once approved the bill is then ready for debate by the House of Representatives where they will agree or disagree on the bill. Changes are then made and now the bill is ready for voting. It takes majority of the Representatives to say or select yes on the matter at which time it is then delivered to the U.  S. Senate by the clerk of the house. Just like the U. S. House of Representatives the U. S Senate goes through some of the similar steps. The Senate committee discusses the bill and then report to the Senate floor for yet again another vote. If the vote is â€Å"yea† then off to the President it goes. The President has the option to sign and pass the bill, veto the bill or do thing at which time the house makes the decision based on what is happening in the house. If by chance the bill has passed in both the U. S. House of Representatives and the U. S.  Senate and is approved by the President then the bill becomes a law and will then be enforced by the government. I believe that because the three branches were put in place for the people it has worked to some extent. The people get a chance to vote and elect who they want to run the country in which they must live. We get the option of having a trail that is to be fair and without prejudice. Sometimes though you have to ask yourself when making decisions are all the decisions about the people or are they thinking about themselves and personal agendas. I would have to say sometimes it is both. When the vote is about raising taxes who does this hurts the poor man not the wealthy. When they want to vote on cutting jobs in higher offices then they try and fix the budget. How unfair is that. Decisions should always be made to suit the country as a whole and not when it deems necessary. Some things that I did learn was that when it came to voting that it was something called electoral votes and is made by an electoral college who actually cast the votes for which the candidates really become president. a person running for president can lose the overall popular votes, but still become President because of the votes casted by the electoral college† (Kimberling, 1992). Now my take on this is that in actuality as a people we are not really electing a president that we pick because of this rule from the Electoral College, so why have us vote? The U. S. Constitution had been around for over 200 years and has managed to with stand the test of time with minimum problems so I believe that we should just allow this document to run its course and see it through the end of time.

Italian Restaurant Business Plan Essay Example

Italian Restaurant Business Plan Essay Example Italian Restaurant Business Plan Essay Italian Restaurant Business Plan Essay This business plan for The Pasta House Co. – Fenton (PHC) reflects the opportunity to purchase the assets and leasehold improvements of the restaurant currently operating as  JD Drews. The current owner  is interested in selling the operations, as the store is not doing the volume he thought it would and he would like to get out of this location and the debt service he has incurred. My  goal is to submit this business plan to his bank in the event  he is unable to make loan or rent payments and defaults on the loan. We will be a position to take over the SBA loan, and with additional funds added, convert this location to a profitable Pasta House Co. franchise  restaurant. The location is only 1/4 of a mile away from Gravois Bluffs, the largest land moving project to put in a major shopping  complex  in the state of Missouri. The rent is half  the retail shops in Gravois Bluffs, yet the location offers the same  opportunity for sales. The recently completed highway 141 offers  hundreds of thousands of local residents, shoppers from outside the area, and travelers that use this new highway. With this high concentration of customers there  are no Italian restaurants in Fenton and a tremendous need for an upscale family  restaurant that offers items for both the children and adults. This turnkey operation  seats 170 customers and  is the perfect size for a PHC family operation. With the current leasehold improvements and quality kitchen equipment it would take very little to upgrade this operation to the legendary PHC winning formula. The  growth in numbers of  high income families in the Fenton area is projected at over 30%. There is a need for a family fine dining restaurant in the Fenton area. PHC would be the perfect neighborhood restaurant in the perfect neighborhood. The Pasta House Co. in Fenton will be the second location for Dennis Boldt, who  has  operated a  successful franchise unit in High Ridge, Missouri for 20 years. The Pasta House Co. based out of St. Louis,  and now has over 34 successful company and franchise locations in the United States and Mexico. PHC Fenton will have a prime location, great food, a proven concept, super franchise support, no competition, a senior management  and crew, a fantastic neighborhood arketing program, a huge catering base to build on, personalized service in a warm Italian imported grocery store atmosphere, and the support of the community resulting in a  highly profitable PHC  restaurant in Fenton. 1. 1 Mission The Pasta House Co. mission is to be a full service, family Italian restaurant offering affordable, high quality Italian cuisine inspired by authentic family recipes. Our goal is to provide our customers with an entire dining experience that exceeds  their  expectations on every visit. We do this by recommending add-on items that will enhance their dining experience. Our restaurant is clean and the quality is always high. We value the people  who work for us. Quality employees make quality food, keep the restaurant cleaner, give better service, and stay employed longer because they like working at The Pasta House Co. We have found that friendly managers hire friendly crew people and friendly crew people attract customers. 1. 2 Objectives The objective is to purchase the current assets and leasehold improvements of the JD Drews restaurant  and convert  the existing restaurant to a  profitable and successful  Pasta  House  Co. franchise unit. I plan to duplicate the successful formula  used at The Pasta House Co. , High Ridge location that I have owned and operated for over  20 years. Using the same strategies and having an in-depth management crew to back me up  will ensure outstanding results at this new fast-growing  location. My objectives are as follows: * Provide the highest quality Pasta House Co. food and service that the community has been  receiving for over  20 years at  the High Ridge location. * Create an atmosphere where each person can work as a team member,  with clear goals and high standards  that profit everyone. Combine the corporate marketing strategies with my own to build volume quickly. * First year sales to hit between $1. 5 and $2 million with 10% growth in first few years. * High Gross margins. * Maintain food  and labor costs consistent with High Ridge. * Maintain and expand  my outstanding  reputation. * Remain a neighborhood family restaurant. * Be the first fine dinin g Italian Restaurant in Fenton (the fastest growing community in Missouri). 1. 3 Keys to Success * The Pasta House Co. name and reputation is  well known  in the  St. Louis area. The food served is voted a St. Louis favorite every year. The products we serve are of the highest quality. We combine this quality with great service and atmosphere. We then add menu items that  appeal to  all ages of the family as well as single adults. * Current management staff  and crew have a great deal of experience. * Location, Location, Location! Some people have named the intersection of Hwy 30 and 141 The Golden Circle. Fenton is the fastest growing community in the entire state of Missouri! * This shopping center location is  three years old. Every spot in the center is filled and the main anchor is a Dierbergs grocery store, the highest quality grocery chain in the area. This location offers private rooms on a reservation basis. I have developed the bulk food and catering large pa rty’s concept at my other location and plan to promote it with the party rooms. * A frequent diner program  and birthday club will be available to promote repeat customers  as well as a tool to  track sales. * Management that treats every employee equally. We create an atmosphere where employees love coming to work and can earn good money. * Great employees make for a great restaurant. The Pasta House Co. in High Ridge has been very successfully  serving the High Ridge and Fenton area for 20 years. We have sponsored 25 little league ball teams, donated to thousands of events, worked with schools and churches in Fenton to better the community, catered thousands of events in the area, and hired and worked with hundreds of young people, adults, and their families. Topic 5. 3. 1, Sales Forecast shows our tremendous yearly sales growth rate over the last 20 years. This year is on track to be another record year. Our Frequent Diner Program is in place at High Ridge with over 6,000 customers who frequent the churches. This loyalty program rewards customers with a $25. 00 Gift Certificate when they spend $250. 0, as well as a Birthday and Anniversary cards to celebrate a meal with us. The program has been a huge success for the past  three years, rewarding customers  and insuring future repeat business. Ask anyone who lives in Fenton and you will find we have developed quite a reputation in the community. The Pasta House Co. was founded in 1974, and they have built it to 34 locatio ns in Missouri, Illinois,  Kentucky, Mexico, and  The Dominican Republic. The Fenton restaurant will reflect  the intimate charm of an Italian Grocery Store with framed Italian prints and Italian American pop art. Both the menu and  ambiance  will appeal to an upscale customer as well as the entire family. Below are the current PHC Company owned locations: 1. 15601 Manchester Rd. , Ellisville, MO. 63011 2. 8213 Delmar, University City, MO 63124 3. 300 Crestwood Plaza, Crestwood, MO 63126 4. 11202 West Florissant Rd. , Florissant, MO 63033 5. 280 Northwest Plaza, St. Ann, MO 63043 6. 6214 South Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO 63123 7. 14 St. Louis Galleria, Richmond Heights, MO 63117 Below are the PHC franchise owned locations: 1. 1245 East Main, Carbondale, IL. 62901 2. 1020 Lincoln Ave. , Jacksonville, IL. 2650 3. 12 Chesterfield Mall, Chesterfield, MO 63017 4. 12445 Dorsett Rd. , Maryland Heights, MO 63043 5. 6570 North Illinois St. , Fairview Heights, IL 62208 6. 180 East Center Dr. , Alton, IL 62002 7. 1623 Big Bill Road, Arnold, MO 63010 8. 9012 Gravois Rd. , St. Louis, MO 63123 9. 3985 South Service Road, St. Peters, MO 63376 10. 4517 Highway 30, High Ridge, MO 63049 11. 309 North Euclid, S t. Louis, MO 63108 12. Concourse D. 10701 Lambert Intl Airport, St. Louis, Mo 13. 700 N. Ballas Rd. , St. Louis, MO 63141 14. 2800 Southwest Plaza Drive, Springfield, IL 62704 15. 300 South 44th St. Mt. Vernon, IL 62864 16. 205 Kentucky Oaks Mall, Paducah, KY 42001 17. 4204 Highway 54, Osage Beach, MO 65065 18. 155 West Park Mall, Cape Giradeau, MO 63701 19. 931 Valley Creek Dr. , Farmington, MO 63640 20. 1100 Knipp St. , Columbia, MO 65203 21. 318 East Washington, Belleville, IL 62221 22. 4109 S. National, Springfield, MO 65804 23. Ens Naco, Santa Domingo, R. D. Dominican Republic 24. St. Louis University Campus Franchise restaurants are independent franchisees of The Pasta House Company Franchises, Inc. The above franchise restaurants are each independently owned and operated. Company Summary 2. 1 Company Ownership The existing Pasta House Co. franchise in High Ridge is owned and operated by Dennis and Janice Boldt, with Dennis acting as President. It was established in 1983 under  Delex Corporation DBA/The Pasta House Co. in Gravois Village Center, High Ridge, Missouri. The proposed Fenton  franchise would be also owned and operated  by Dennis and Janice Boldt, with Dennis acting as President and Janice as Secretary/Treasurer. The new location will operate under the name Delex Corp. (second location)DBA/ The Pasta House Co. Fenton. . 2 Start-up Summary The JD Drews facility would come with all equipment, food, liquor, leasehold improvements,  employees, and management staff. We would assume the current SBA loan of $325,000, and start-up expense of $350,000. With cash input of interest-free loans  from  three different parties  totaling $75,000, the loan balance using an SBA secured loan would be $600,000 at 9. 5% interest over a 15 year term . As assets to secure the loan we would put up Delex Corp. dba The Pasta House Co. 4517 Gravois Village Center  in High Ridge, and our home if needed. A starting bank account of $90,000 will be used, only if needed, for unexpected costs associated with the start up. Start-up equipment list would include the following items: (quality used equipment will be purchase whenever possible to control costs, and then, only if equipment is in like-new condition) 1. Twenty quart Hobart mixer 2. Steam kettle 3. Refrigerated 4 drawer system 4. Refrigerated 2 drawer system 5. Pizza box refrigerated  stand alone box 6. Dessert display case 7. Eight-burner commercial gas stove 8. Commercial Parmesan cheese grinder 9. Meat slicer 10. Flip top refrigerated 6-foot saute box 11. Stand up Freezer 12. Kitchen and dining room small wares 13. Less trade-in or  sale of  used equipment not needed in the current operations. Start-up| | | Requirements| | | | Start-up Expenses| | Expensed Items| $0 | Small wares| $3,000 | Liquor License| $400 | Crew and Manger Training at High Ridge| $10,000 | Advertising| $1,000 | Insurance Deposits| $3,000 | Other Expensed Items| $0 | Total Start-up Expenses| $17,400 | | | Start-up Assets| | Cash Required| $90,000 | Start-up Inventory| $10,000 | Other Current Assets| $10,000 | Long-term Assets| $547,600 | Total Assets| $657,600 | | | Total Requirements| $675,000 | Start-up Funding| | | Start-up Expenses to Fund| $17,400 | Start-up Assets to Fund| $657,600 | Total Funding Required| $675,000 | | | Assets | | Non-cash Assets from Start-up| $567,600 | Cash Requirements from Start-up| $90,000 | Additional Cash Raised| $0 | Cash Balance on Starting Date| $90,000 | Total Assets| $657,600 | | | | | Liabilities and Capital| | | | Liabilities| | Current Borrowing| $0 | Long-term Liabilities| $600,000 | Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills)| $0 | Other Current Liabilities (interest-free)| $75,000 | Total Liabilities| $675,000 | | | Capital| | | | Planned Investment| | Owner| $0 | Investor| $0 | Additional Investment Requirement| $0 | Total Planned Investment| $0 | | | Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses)| ($17,400)| Total Capital| ($17,400)| | | | | Total Capital and Liabilities| $657,600 | | | Total Funding | $675,000 | Market Analysis Summary The Fenton area has 48 restaurants which include: * 18 Fast Food/Pizza/Sub Restaurants * 11 Sports bars/Up Scale Burger Restaurants * 2 Barbecue  Restaurants * 6 Chinese  Restaurants * 5 Banquet/Catering Operations * 4 Breakfast/Lunch  Restaurants 1 Upscale Full Service  Restaurant   (OCharles opened 2002) Source:   1998/2003 Market Statistics Estimates, Scan/US, Inc. (800)272-2687 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (800)272-2687  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  end_of_the_skype_highlighting The need for another fine dining family  restaurant  in the  Fenton   The marketing pl an is to provide a fine dining, full service, family  restaurant, where the entire family can enjoy a great meal, at  a reasonable price. The Pasta House Co. restaurant is the perfect neighborhood restaurant, where adults and children can always find their favorite dish, and receive consistent quality and great service. With the addition of the new Gravois Bluffs  shopping complex  less than 1/4 of a mile away, this addition will bring more  customers and families from all over St. Louis to shop and eat in the area. The market customers for The Pasta House Co. would develop from: * Local Neighborhood Marketing Program * Customer Frequent Diner Loyalty Program * Suggestive Selling Program to increase average check * Birthday and Anniversary marketing mailings * Market saturation and community outreach programs * PHC High Ridge successfully serving  customer in the community for over 20 years * PHC is known in St. Louis since 1974 * High shopping in the area * Tremendous growth in upper level family income 4. 1 Market Segmentation The market analysis table shows that within a three mile circle  98% are families. This is our customer base which we cater to. The  table below shows the tremendous growth of the Fenton area. Please take note the greater  increase in income levels the greater the projected growth levels. The chart shows the potential  upper income families who enjoy eating out. Market Analysis| | | Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Year 4| Year 5| | Potential Customers| Growth| | | | | | CAGR| Population in Families| 5% | 113,793 | 119,710 | 125,935 | 132,484 | 139,373 | 5. 20% | Population in Non-families| 5% | 13,698 | 14,410 | 15,159 | 15,947 | 16,776 | 5. 20% | Population in Group Quarters| 5% | 1,348 | 1,415 | 1,486 | 1,560 | 1,638 | 4. 99% | Total| 5. 20% | 128,839 | 135,535 | 142,580 | 149,991 | 157,787 | 5. 20% | 4. 2 Target Market Segment Strategy Our focus is the upper income  level  families living and shopping  in the area. The Pasta House Co. will focus on the income level of at least $60,000 and above, and the 98% families living and shopping in the area. We focus on these specific groups because these are the types of people who frequent The Pasta House Co. They are the ones that are willing to spend their money on good dining and service at a value price. 4. 3 Service Business Analysis In the St. Louis market the competition for the upper level income business has been intense. National chains that were not here 10 years  ago have poured into  St. Louis. The  number of new restaurants has increased dramatically over the last several years and should continue to expand, all with the intent of capturing a portion of the upper level market. Below is a list of  new and expanding restaurants  in St. Louis:   * Macaroni Grill * Dave amp; Busters * Hard Rock Cafe * Hooters * Lone Star Steak House * Max amp; Ermas * Outback Steak House * Ruby Tuesday * St. Louis Bread Company * Bandana * Chevys * Fridays * OMacaroni * Olive Garden * California Pizza Kitchen * Tippins (out of business December 2002) * Chilis * Crazy Fish (Closed July 2003) * Red Robin (Opened July 2002) * The Cheese Cake Factory  (Opened November 2002) * Smoky Bones (Opened January 2003) * P. F. Changs (Opened December 2002) In the year 2002 McDonalds  no longer held the title as having  the most  locations in the United States. There are now more Subway restaurants in the U. S. than McDonalds. Many of the above restaurant chains will find the St. Louis area a  very competitive market. The restaurants that are still standing several years from now will be the ones who provided customers with the best product, at the best price and consistently exceeded their customers’ expectations. The Pasta House Co. will be a major player in St. Louis no matter what players are still  around. 4. 3. 1 Competition and Buying Patterns PHC High Ridge: Owned and Operated by Dennis Boldt for 20 years. (Sister Store to Fenton) Located only four miles away this Pasta House Co. ocation is in Jefferson County and seems to be outside the normal traffic patterns of the customers who live in the Fenton area. Increases in business have  shown a steady growth and should continue. We have found that over 90% of our customers come from west, south and east of the store. Because the store is located in Jefferson County, most c ustomers who live in Fenton  do not travel west  towards rural Jefferson County. With our Frequent Diner customer base we estimate  a loss in business from the customers who would  go to the new location would be about 5% of sales. This would be only a short lived loss as the entire area is growing at a  tremendous rate. OCharles: Opened in 2002, Located 1/4 of a mile away in the new Gravois Bluffs Shopping Center OCharles has a better location with a free standing building in the new Gravois Bluffs Shopping Center. They offer a full service fine dining family atmosphere. This national chain offers a complete menu of items, including a childrens menu. The inside of the restaurant is very nice, with fine woods and a warm atmosphere. Local community involvment is limited. They seem to market towards adults more than children. Given the choice, kids will choose Pasta House every time. Un-tested long term growth and management abilities. Red Robin: Opened in 2002, Located 1/4 of a mile away in the new Gravois Bluffs Shopping Center Red Robin is an  up-scale burger  restaurant with a big name and big look inside. It took over  two years to open this store because of franchise problems. Food items are served in  plastic baskets, this concept is more of an up-scale fast food  establishment than a fine dining concept. Limited adult menu, lots of noise, high priced drinks, no local marketing, and lack of a long-term track record in St. Louis  all limit this  restaurant  as real competition. Smoky Bones:  To Open in 2003 in the  Gravois Bluffs Shopping Center   This is a new concept restaurant and is backed by the Red Lobster  Corporation. Not a lot  is known about this  restaurant  expect they have a big name behind them and a great free standing location. Limited menu, no local marketing, and lack of a long-term track record  also limit this  restaurant as real competition. Strategy and Implementation Summary Every customer who has eaten at a Pasta House Co. is a potential customer. The better we run this Pasta House location the more business we will do. Customers will know that they can get better quality PHC food at this location. They will know that the service is better, and the people are better. The look of the new location will be fresh and clean. The area needs a fine dining family restaurant. The area needs a big name local operation with a home-grown name like The Pasta House Co. 5. 1 Competitive Edge This is what gives us the competitive edge to insure a profitable home-grown expansion: * Proven Pasta House Co. concept since 1974 * Proven track record of PHC High Ridge serving the area for over 20 years * Best home-grown training in the industry Senior PHC High Ridge  management  and crew to open with * Local marketing in all age ranges * Known costs with purchase of an turnkey restaurant * Current staff and management  from JD  Drews * Close and strong support of PHC  President and Senior Management * Strong food and supply vendors with very high quality products * On-going support from PHC Corporation 5. 2 Mark eting Strategy We at The Pasta House Co. ,  including all management,  crew personnel, supervisors, vendors, design people, family and friends,  and new hires will put forth  100%  effort to insure a profitable opening and on-going operations. A fine tuned advertising  campaign  and new store opening has been developed by The Pasta House Co. president Kim Tucci. Construction is handled by Joe Fresta who has built and opened over 31 locations. 5. 3 Sales Strategy The sales strategy is to sign up as many frequent diner customers as possible at the new location as well as High Ridge. Using the Frequent Diner Program in place a High Ridge for  three years, we plan to further cement the loyal customers in the area. We will honor  6,000 club members with  points at both locations. We plan on taking advantage of  The Pasta House Co. arket  saturation in St. Louis. We will build and expand  on that customer base by exceeding customer’s expectations. This will bring back old customers and  bring in new customers to the Fenton location. We plan on up-selling customers with our current suggestive selling program. From the hostess to the waiters and waitress our staff has successfully increased the average che ck for add-on sales from 5% of the average check three years ago to over 13%. This insures an increase in profit without having to depend on an increase in customer counts or price increases. 5. 3. Sales Forecast A sales forecast of 5. 0% increase in volume over the current High Ridge location is based on the following: * Increased visibility and known area of St. Louis. Everyone knows where Fenton is, and  few know where High Ridge  is located. * Increased   traffic flow with the intersection of Highways 141  and 30, with over double the traffic in the area. * Increased customers staying in the area to shop. Two major shopping centers compared to a 20 year old strip center. * Increased retail employee business. * 26% larger space inside, with 30% more customer  seating. Outside  seating area during the  spring through  fall seasons  increases the seating by 60% over HR. * Brand new PHC look inside. * Private rooms available, to cater private parties. * Closer to t he  eight hotels in the area. * Better location closer to St. Louis, where the action is. 5. 4 Milestones I have full confidence in all of the managers, designers, and PHC people who will make this a huge success. DENNIS BOLDT * SBA loan and Business Plan * Bank Account * Franchise Purchase * Legal and review of Lease * Equipment Purchase * Sign Purchases and install Software POS system install * Corporation set up, Insurance, Deposits, Liquor License * PHC Design Work with Joe Fresta of The Pasta House Co. * Oversee entire transformation and operations of the group VINCE LARATTA * Crew and manager hiring and training * New equipment installed * Food amp; liquor purchases delivery and stocking * Crew and manager scheduling * Maintenance and repairs * Advertising JAN BOLDT/CAROLYN FINCH AND COMPANY (team of 6 designers from Tulsa, OK) * PHC design work walls and floors design with Joe Fresta of PHC * Shelving nd displays in place * Design of dining room look * Record keeping of pur chases and budget * Permits, liquor licenses, start up requirements paperwork Joe Fresta, Vice President of the Pasta House Co. * PHC design work and construction work * Oversee display of dining room * Oversee kitchen equipment purchase and layout * Advise owner when needed Web Plan Summary The Pasta House Co. Corporation   has a website at www. pastahouse. com. In the year 2004 we plan on setting up a website for PHC High Ridge and PHC Fenton that will be linked to the corporate website. Using their format our site will include information about our local franchise units, however we plan on expanding the marketing of using a website by customers and the crew. In this age of communication more and more customers look to a website for information and assistance in purchasing products. We will be part of that great communication tool used by everyone every day. 6. 1 Website Marketing Strategy Marketing in an Internet retail business depends on recognition for expertise. It starts with our existing store front customer base, informing them of our Internet presence and encouraging their word-of-mouth recommendations to others. As linked to www. pastahouse. com  corporate website our local customer can come to our site for a more local flavor and personal assistance for their needs. We will develop and maintain a database of  our 6,000  loyalty Frequent Diner customers. From there the  website will  serve the following needs of our customer base. * Provide local information about our PHC locations to the local community * New customers can sign up for our   frequent diner/birthday programs * Customers can check their Frequent Diner points online * Catering information and contacts provided Provide references and pictures of  successful catering jobs * With a special password, crew can check their schedule on a moments notice * Purchase Gift Certificates from our stores * Purchase the new Gift Cards * Purchase retail items on line and have them shipped as gifts * Gift Basket information (Gift Baskets are sold at High Ridge and Fenton location only) * Employment information online * Company wide promotions and new store openings * Promotional coupons online * Provide new food items in the restaurant General information on other events in the area 6. 2 Development Requirements Because corporate PHC  has a website, I plan on working very closely with their Web designer. Each year the best websites are posted at www. techtv. com. Using this source will enable me to enhance our website to a simple but very effective tool to increase sales at the retail level. Development of the site will change based on our customers’ needs now and in the future as new ideas come forward for using this communication tool. Management Summary The management team to run  the day-to-day operations and shifts  at the new location will include Dennis Boldt, Vince Laratta, Denise Shaw, an additional dining room manager, and a kitchen manager, both  to be named closer to the  opening date. The High Ridge managers will include, Dennis Boldt, Janet Boxx, two new managers and a kitchen manager to be named later. People are the single most important element in our operations We value the managers and staff as the single most important element in running a quality operation; the managers need to be all on the same page of operations. We have found that friendly strong managers make friendly strong crew people. From that crew comes the next generation of managers and a quality operation. The customers can see it in the quality of the food, how clean the store is and how friendly and fast they are served. In the past 19 years we have had  eight crew people go on to become managers at other Pasta House locations and other restaurants. We also have a deep bench to select our management team from. The current  JD Drews  store  also has managers that I have been told are doing a fine job. We will consider them as manager andidates and make decisions based on the best interests of the restaurant. Below is our management game plan: FENTON MANAGEMENT STAFF DENNIS BOLDT, PRESIDENT/OWNER OPERATOR * Owner Operator of The Pasta House Co. franchise located in High Ridge since 1983 * Duties: strategic development, back-office administration, financial analysis, internal control, taxes and accounting records,  payroll,   daily operations, quality control, advertising, food costs, labor costs, liquor cost, oversee management controls, maintenance and repairs, and building the business  profits. VINCE LARATTA, GENERAL MANAGER General Manager of  The Pasta House Co. High Ridge for 15 years. Before that Vince worked as a waiter at several Pasta House locations. * Duties:  daily operations, new management development, scheduling, ordering, food, labor, and liquor controls, quality controls, maintenance/repairs,  crew training,  employment, crews hourly wages,  pay increases, and overall  store operations. DENICE SHAW, DINING ROOM MANAGER/KITCHEN MANAGER * Kitchen Manager of  The Pasta House Co. High Ridge for 4 years Denise has recently completed training, been promoted to Dining Room manager and has been running shifts for the past year. On her  fifth year as a manager Denise has a real talent for  dealing with all aspects of the business. * Duties:  daily operations, ordering, inventory, quality controls, kitchen procedures, labor and food costs controls, scheduling,  new hires,  crew moral, and overall kitchen operations. Denise will use her experience to train and oversee the new kitchen manager coming on board. HIGH RIDGE MANAGEMENT STAFF DENNIS BOLDT, OWNER OPERATOR/PRESIDENT * Dennis will work 2-3 shifts per week as the manager on duty at High Ridge until management staff can be trained and cover the shifts. JANET BOXX, GENERAL manager PHC HIGH RIDGE * Kitchen crew person, kitchen manager, Dining Room manager, and general manager for The Pasta House Co. for 13 years. Janet has done a fine job at PHC High Ridge as a manager for the past  eight years. One of Janets strengths is her ability to deal with people. Because of Janet and her people skills we have lost very few crew people to other locations. * Duties: daily operations,  scheduling, ordering, food, labor, and liquor controls, quality controls, crew training,  employment, and overall  store operations. POSSIBLE EMPLOYEES TO PROMOTE TO MANAGEMENT (not in any order) Al Fillenwarth, waiter  PHC  High Ridge 16 years. Al has  his  Masters Degree in accounting and is recognized as a leader among the crew. Ryan  Mulligan,  lead cook for High Ridge for  six years. Presently working with the State of Missouri and wants to get back into the restaurant  business as a kitchen manager. Janet  Koth, manager for  High Ridge  for  10 years is presently going to school part time and working at another restaurant. Janet was a  fine manager for me for  four years before she and her sister  opened their own kitchen in central  Missouri. Sara Armstrong, PHC High Ridge kitchen employee for  three years, Sara went on to work at several other  restaurants and is currently the kitchen manager of another restaurant. Sara has 10 years of kitchen experience and would be considered for the kitchen manager position if she is interested. Anna Minney, PHC employee for 16 years, has worked as our secretary at High Ridge for the past  five years. Anna has the respect of the crew as a manager and knows all aspects of the operation. Steve Bewig,   PHC lead cook  at High Ridge has excellent cooking skills and would make a fine kitchen manager. Bill Hobbs,  current manager JD Drews Bill has been the dining room manager for JD Drews for the past  three years and has worked with the owner for the past  seven years. Bill comes highly recommended as a manager. Ron Caputa,  dining room manager JD Drews Ron has been the dining room manager   for the past  three years and comes highly dining room from the current owner . As we get closer to opening the management personnel will firm up with the above candidates and others they may come into the picture. We will not promote a person who is not right for the position. Shifts will be covered with current candidate’s staff at both locations until the right person can be promoted. The entire candidate’s staff must act as a solid team. 7. 1 Personnel Plan Management fixed  costs at the Fenton location  is as follows: * Dennis Boldt @ $30,000 * Vince Laratta @ $60,000 * Denise Shaw @$39,000 * Dining Room Manager @ $32,000 * Kitchen Manager @ $25,000 * Total  Management Costs   $186,000 Management Team at High Ridge * Dennis Boldt * Janet Boxx * Dining Room Manager * Dining Room Manager * Kitchen Manager Kitchen labor at both locations would be  11. 3% of sales. Dining Room  labor at both locations would be  6. 1% of sales. Payroll taxes  10% of sales. Financial Plan 1. Growth will be moderate, cash flows steady. 2. Sales increase at a steady rate of 4% per year. 3. Costs will increase at a rate of 1% to 2% per year. 4. The company will invest residual profits into financial markets and not company expansion (unless absolutely necessary). 5. General maintenance and repairs will be kept up to maintain a solid operation. 6. Future cash investments will use NPV projections to achieve maximum return with limited risk. 8. 1 Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are shown in the following table as annual figures. The key underlying assumptions are: * We assume JD Drews will be unable to make their note payment or lease payment and will have to default on their loans. * We assume that we will  take over the  SBA note payment and acquire all of the assets and leasehold improvements. * We assume the equipment is in good working order. * We assume this will happen in the next  three to six months. * We assume a slow-growth economy, without major recession. * We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in the expectancy in the popularity of our candidates. We assume access to  loans and financing are sufficient to maintain and fulfill our financial plan as shown in the tables. * We assume the landlord will have no problem allowing us to take over the current  lease. * We assume The Pasta House Co. will approve our leasehold improvements and budget. 8. 2 Projected Profit and Loss The most important assumption in the Projected Profit and Loss statement is the gross margin. Although it d oesnt jump drastically in the first year, over time the restaurant will develop its customer base and reputation and the growth will pick up more rapidly towards the fourth and fifth years of business. Month-by-month assumptions for profit and loss are included in the appendix. 8. 3 Projected Cash Flow The cash flow depends on assumptions for inventory turnover, payment days, and accounts receivable management. Our projected same-day collections are critical, and are reasonable and customary in the restaurant industry. We do not expect to need significant additional support even when we reach the less profitable months, as they are expected. The  first  six months of PHC openings have shown huge sales volumes. We expect this volume; however our projections do not reflect  this high volume. We have done this in the event there are normal sales  during the first  six months. 8. 4 Projected Balance Sheet The projected Balance Sheet is quite solid. We do not anticipate difficulty meeting our debt obligations providing that we achieve our specific goals. 8. 5 Business Ratios We expect our net profit margin, and gross margin to increase steadily over the three-years. Our net working capital will increase by year three, proving that we have the cash flows to remain a going concern. The following table shows these important financial ratios. Industry profile ratios based

Free Speech Essay essays

Free Speech Essay essays Tom Metzger the president of White Aryan Resistance (WAR) and his son John Metzger have taught hate against blacks and other races as well such as Jews. Dave Mazzella was the Vice President of War and he also have taught hate to people generally white. Of what Dave, Tom and John said about hate Ken Death Mieske and few other people that was with him have killed a black man. His name was Malugeta Seraw a young Ethiopian immigrant was beaten by a baseball bat to death. Mr. Seraws family have refused to see what happened to Malugeta Seraw and they have sued the Metzgers or WAR that if they were responsible for sayings that they said. So therefore, is the Metzgers protected against the 1st Amendment, freedom of speech. Tom Metzger should be found liable in the death of Mr. Seraw. Tom and his son John did spread hatred towards other races especially blacks. He is a racist man as he laughed about everything in the trial. I know that hate is always inside of people like Mazzella and Death but their minds were taken by the Metzgers. Thanks to them they motivated them to hate and motivated Death to kill Mr. Seraw. Of course there is no connection to the killing with the Metzgers and Death. They both laughed about a comic illustration about blacks, which says they will loot your house and rape your wife. They have really spread a lot of hate throughout radios, articles and tapes. Of what they published about blacks in an article they really put hate words about them. If I was to read that article of course it would be tempting to do and hate against a black person. But really Im not that kind of person who would hate against anybody. Of course there are some people that I hate but thats because of who they are, they are just like the Metzger. Always hate on their mind which I do not find funny and interesting. Tom has said dont get mad, just get even af...

Battle of Caen in World War II

Battle of Caen in World War II The Battle of Caen was fought from June 6, to July 20, 1944, during World War II (1939-1945). Situated on the Orne River approximately nine miles from the Normandy coast, the city of Caen was a key road and rail hub in the region. The city was identified by the Allies as an early goal for troops coming ashore during the D-Day invasion. Rather than quickly falling, the struggle for Caen became a bloody, grinding affair that lasted for seven weeks due to intense German resistance. While a costly struggle, the fighting around Caen pinned down German troops which facilitated Operation Cobra in late July. This saw the Allies breakout of the beachhead and move to encircle German forces in Normandy. Background Located in Normandy, Caen was identified early on by General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Allied planners as a main objective for the D-Day invasion. This was largely due to the citys key position along the Orne River and Caen Canal as well as its role as a major road hub within the region. As a result, the capture of Caen would greatly inhibit the ability of German forces to respond quickly to Allied operations once ashore. Planners also felt that the relatively open terrain around the city would provide an easier line of advance inland as opposed to the more difficult bocage (hedgerow) country to the west. Given the favorable terrain, the Allies also intended to establish several airfields around the city. The capture of Caen was assigned to Major General Tom Rennies British 3rd Infantry Division which would be assisted by Major General Richard N. Gales British 6th Airborne Division and 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion. In the final plans for Operation Overlord, Allied leaders intended for Kellers men to take Caen shortly after coming ashore on D-Day. This would require an advance of approximately 7.5 miles from beach. D-Day Landing during the night of June 6, the airborne forces captured key bridges and artillery positions to the east of Caen along the Orne River and at Merville. These efforts effectively blocked the enemys ability to mount a counterattack against the beaches from the east. Storming ashore on Sword Beach around 7:30 AM, the 3rd Infantry Division initially encountered stiff resistance. Following the arrival of supporting armor, Rennies men were able to secure the exits from the beach and commenced pushing inland around 9:30 AM. Their advance was soon stopped by a determined defense mounted by 21st Panzer Division. Blocking the road to Caen, the Germans were able to halt Allied forces and the city remained in their hands as night fell. As a result, the Allied ground commander, General Bernard Montgomery, elected to meet with the commanders of the US First Army and British Second Army, Lieutenant Generals Omar Bradley and Miles Dempsey, to develop a new plan for taking the city. Lieutenant General Sir Miles C. Dempsey (right) with the 21st Army Group commander, General Sir Bernard Montgomery (center), and U.S. First Army commander, Lieutenant General Omar Bradley (left), 10 June 1944. Public Domain Fast Facts: Battle of Caen Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: June 6, to July 20, 1944Armies Commanders:AlliesGeneral Bernard MontgomeryLieutenant General Miles Dempsey14 divisions, 8 armored/tank brigadesAxisField Marshal Erwin RommelField Marshal Gà ¼nther von Kluge15 divisions, 3 heavy tank battalions Operation Perch Originally conceived as a plan for breaking out of the beachhead to the southeast of Caen, Operation Perch was quickly altered by Montgomery into a pincer attack for taking the city. This called for I Corps 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and the 4th Armoured Brigade to cross the Orne River in the east and attack towards Cagny. In the west, XXX Corps would cross the Odon River, then swing east towards Evrecy. This offensive moved forward on June 9 as elements of XXX Corps began battling for Tilly-sur-Seulles which was held by the Panzer Lehr Division and elements of the 12th SS Panzer Division. Due to delays, I Corps did not begin their advance until June 12. Meeting heavy resistance from the 21st Panzer Division, these efforts were halted the next day. As I Corps rolled forward, the situation in the west changed when German forces, having been under heavy attack from the US 1st Infantry Division on XXX Corps right began falling back. Seeing an opportunity, Dempsey directed the 7th Armoured Division to exploit the gap and advance to Villers-Bocage before turning east to assault the left flank of the Panzer Lehr Division. Reaching the village on July 13, British forces were checked in heavy fighting. Feeling that the division was becoming overextended, Dempsey pulled it back with the goal of reinforcing it and renewing the offensive. This failed to occur when a severe storm hit the area and damaged supply operations on the beaches (Map). Operation Epsom In an effort to regain the initiative, Dempsey commenced Operation Epsom on June 26. Using Lieutenant General Sir Richard OConnors newly-arrived VIII Corps, the plan called for a thrust over the Odon River to capture high ground south of Caen near Bretteville-sur-Laize. A secondary operation, dubbed Martlet, was launched on June 25 to secure heights along VIII Corps right flank. Assisted by supporting operations at other points along the line, the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, aided by armor from the 31st Tank Brigade, spearheaded the Epsom attack the next day. An ammunition lorry of 11th Armoured Division explodes after being hit by mortar fire during Operation Epsom, June 1944. Public Domain Making good progress, it crossed the river, pushed through the German lines and began expanding its position. Joined by the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, the 15th became engaged in heavy fighting and repulsed several major German counterattacks. The severity of the German efforts led to Dempsey pulling his some of his troops back across the Odon by June 30. Though a tactical failure for the Allies, Epsom altered the balance of forces in the region in their favor. While Dempsey and Montgomery were able to maintain a force of reserves, their opponent, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, was compelled to utilize his entire force to hold the front lines. Following Epsom, the Canadian 3rd Infantry Division mounted Operation Windsor on July 4. This called for an attack on Carpiquet and its adjacent airfield which were located west of Caen. The Canadian effort was further supported by a variety of specialist armor, 21 artillery regiments, naval gunfire support from HMS Rodney, as well as two squadrons of Hawker Typhoons. Moving forward, the Canadians, aided by the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade, succeeded in capturing the village but were unable to secure the airfield. The next day, they turned back German efforts to reclaim Carpiquet. Operation Charnwood Increasingly frustrated with the situation around Caen, Montgomery directed that a major offensive be mounted to frontally assault the city. Though Caens strategic significance had lessened, he particularly desired to secure Verrià ¨res and Bourguà ©bus ridges to the south. Dubbed Operation Charnwood, the key objectives of the assault were to clear the city south to the Orne and secure bridges over the river. To accomplish the latter, an armored column was assembled with orders to rush through Caen to capture the crossings. The attack moved forward on July 8 and was heavily supported by bombers and naval gunfire. Led by I Corps, three infantry divisions (3rd, 59th, and 3rd Canadian), supported by armor, pushed forward. To the west, the Canadians renewed their efforts against Carpiquet airfield. Grinding ahead, British forces reached the outskirts of Caen that evening. Concerned about the situation, the Germans began withdrawing their heavy equipment across the Orne and prepared to defend the river crossings in the city. The next morning, British and Canadian patrols began penetrating the city proper while other forces finally occupied Carpiquet airfield after the 12th SS Panzer Division withdrew. As the day progressed British and Canadian troops united and drove the Germans from the northern part of Caen. Occupying the riverbank, Allied troops halted as they lacked the strength to contest the river crossings. In addition, it was deemed inadvisable to continue as the Germans held the ground flanking the southern part of the city. As Charnwood concluded, OConnor launched Operation Jupiter on July 10. Striking south, he sought to capture the key heights of Hill 112. Though this objective was not gained after two days of fighting, his men secured several villages in the area and prevented the 9th SS Panzer Division from being withdrawn as a reserve force. Operation Goodwood As Operation Jupiter was moving forward, Montgomery again met with Bradley and Dempsey to assess the overall situation. At this gathering, Bradley proposed the plan for Operation Cobra which called for a major breakout from the American sector on July 18. Montgomery approved this plan and Dempsey was tasked with mounting an operation to pin German forces in place around Caen and possibly achieve a breakout in the east. A A Canadian soldier moves through Caen, 1944. Public Domain Dubbed Operation Goodwood, this called for a major offensive by British forces east of the city. Goodwood was to be supported by the Canadian-led Operation Atlantic which was designed to capture the southern part of Caen. With planning completed, Montgomery hoped to begin Goodwood on July 18 and Cobra two days later. Spearheaded by OConnors VIII Corps, Goodwood commenced following heavy Allied air attacks. Slowed somewhat by natural obstacles and German minefields, OConnor was tasked with capturing Bourguà ©bus Ridge as well as the area between Bretteville-sur-Laize and Vimont. Driving forward, British forces, heavily supported by armor, were able to advance seven miles but failed to take the ridge. The fighting saw frequent clashes between British Churchill and Sherman tanks and their German Panther and Tiger counterparts. Advancing to the east, Canadian forces succeeded in liberating the remainder of Caen, however subsequent assaults against Verrià ¨res Ridge were repulsed. Aftermath Though originally a D-Day objective, it took Allied forces around seven weeks to finally liberate the city. Due to the ferocity of the fighting, much of Caen was destroyed and had to be rebuilt after the war. Though Operation Goodwood failed to achieve a breakout, it did hold German forces in place for Operation Cobra. Delayed until July 25, Cobra saw American forces knock a gap in the German lines and reach open country to the south. Pivoting east, they moved to encircle German forces in Normandy as Dempsey mounted a new advance with the goal of trapping the enemy around Falaise. Beginning on August 14, Allied forces sought to close the Falaise Pocket and destroy the German Army in France. Though nearly 100,000 Germans escaped the pocket before it was closed on August 22, around 50,000 were captured and 10,000 killed. Having won the Battle of Normandy, Allied forces advanced freely to the Seine River reaching it on August 25.

MIS project for Virginia Tech University implementing the Wimba Research Paper

MIS project for Virginia Tech University implementing the Wimba Virtual Classroom Technology - Research Paper Example In addition, it has been observed that lecturers have been using the virtual classroom for synchronous class periods and office hours as it has multiple uses which include the ability to access and to share information simultaneously from different locations, a tool for audio-visual phone calls, and a medium for retrieving and delivering online lectures. It provides prospects for the students in real time communication with the classmates and lecturers. Correspondingly, the objective of the paper is to explore a discussion relating to the implementation of Wimba Virtual Classroom Technology in Virginia Tech University (Martin & Parker, n.d., Clark & Kwinn, n.d.). Blackboard Inc. lately made acquisition of two of the best providers of collaboration learning and synchronous learning which included both Wimba Inc. and Elluminate Inc. This collaboration resulted in formation of Blackboard Collaborate that is a newest platform for providing educational solutions. This collaboration pursues innovation at a greater extent in meeting the ever-growing requirements of collaboration and synchronous learning with continuous integration support of learning management systems and open sourced application. As a result, it can be affirmed that Virginia Tech University should develop a kind of plan which focuses on successful implementation of virtual classroom. This can be done effectively if inquiry based learning and student centered learning approaches are incorporated in the university to make it interactive, which might be a part of broader blended solution for learning. The plan also should include designing the class in such a manner that the Wimba V irtual Classroom uses a blend of learning activities such as reading, assignments and undertaking of e-learning that is self-paced. Moreover, the result and objectives of the class undertaken must also be considered, along with activities used in these classrooms that ensure reinforcement of learning. In

Election Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Election - Essay Example Often, elections involve the candidates, the electoral body, and the voters. The aim of voters in any election process is to appoint leaders who will model the future of their society and country at large. In view of this fact, the participation by the people in an election processes empowers them by allowing citizens to create an influence in the future policies of and by their governments. This essay focuses on the United States Presidential Election of November, 6th 2012 and sheds light on the events that surrounded the win for Democrats and loss to the Republicans. It is worth noting that the United States has since the ratification of US Constitution in 1788 been an exemplary representative democracy. The United States depends upon a more complex federal system of government in which the national government remains supreme while state and local governments stamp authority on matters not reserved for the federal government. Basically, there are two types of elections in the US namely: primary and general. In primary elections, party candidates for the general election are determined. Subsequently, the winning candidates proceed to the general election as representatives of their political parties. Specifically, in the 2012 US Election the Democrats won the election due to the campaign strategy employed by their candidate, President Obama. The strategy was one of progressivism aimed at supporting an activist government agenda with a view of expanding economic opportunities and individual freedoms to all people (Perry 112). The strategy involved the inclusion of a multiethnic, multiracial, cross-class coalition consisting of African Americans, Latinos, Asian-Americans, the young, professionals and economically populist blue collar whites. Arguably, Democrats won this presidential election due to the shift in the demographic composition of the US electorate. The electorate shifted in a manner as to include more people of color, the unmarried and working

Women give up many of their naturally granted values in fight for Research Paper

Women give up many of their naturally granted values in fight for gender equality, which is often mistaken for sameness - Research Paper Example ich include physical attractiveness/sexual selection theory and other social theories like exposure, familiarity, personality, dependability and intelligence. The purpose of this research paper is to identify which of the two approaches are more likely to be used by the two genders – male and female. To this end, the paper will be written on the basis of the thesis that men are more likely to be drawn to a romantic partner because of physical or sexual attractiveness whilst women are more likely to be drawn to a romantic partner on the basis of their personality, exposure and other social features and statuses. In testing the hypothesis to prove or disprove it, there are numerous theories and concepts that can be brought to the fore formulate and draw logical conclusions. The first question that comes to mind is why men often seek female partners who are younger than them? It is obvious that women are more beautiful and more attractive sexually when they are younger, than when they grow older. Therefore, it can be generalized with a degree of accuracy that men go for younger women because younger women are more beautiful and sexually more attractive. Charles Darwin’s sexual selection theory indicates that in most cases, men tend to desire younger and more attractive women as a symptom of their mid-life crisis (Darwin 17). On the other hand, the parental investment theory that is put forward by Robert Trivers states that men subconsciously seek traits that show signs of fertility and strong genetic features which can be found more clearly in younger and sexually attractive women than men (Trivers 3). This creates a kind of subconscious mental situation whereby men look for women with strong genes. However, women are more oriented to think in relation to a partner who has long-term abilities because they think within the context of raising a family. Hence, women look beyond just physical traits and sexual attractiveness. They look for a man who has the social

Arab Heritage Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arab Heritage Discussion - Essay Example Nasser, respecting culture and respecting human rights issues. The nurse in this context should avail the right drugs to the patient as mother and daughter are culturally accustomed to over the counter prescription but schedule a follow up appointment the following day as the authority of physicians is seldom challenged Mrs. Nasser is to return with her daughter and a trusted elderly relative the following day for the follow-up examination. It is also advisable that when addressing this issue a health practitioner of Arab descent and a woman to be available during the follow-up. The nurse who preferably is a woman should explain the symptoms gradually with assistance from the health practitioner and the elderly relative. To address Mrs. Nasser’s concerns, the nurse should encourage the all three women to observe the nurse as she examines Samia explaining what she is doing. This should be done only after Mrs. Nasser understands that her daughter’s health should be taken to consideration and has given consent for the exam to be done. This is because according to Arab culture informed consent is highly valued (Purnell, 2014; Purnell,

Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Journal 4 - Essay Example I think the images behind the man represent the many paths people today choose in order to be in one religion or state. The man painted in the middle of these paths is representing all the races in the world and possibly religions. Rivera’s work of art seemed to be representing the cultural wars that exist today. In the early 100’s Rivera was at the time an icon for transactions of cultures between the people in Central and North America. This painting was one of his controversial arts which he intended to be an eye opener for Americans; to be culturally diverse and accept the different aspects and opinions which existed in the world (Neimark 6). His painting incorporates lively and contrasting colors and his concern for texture seem overwhelming. His style of painting can best be termed as New Realism since it is far from representing the academic world and naturalism in the old world (Neimark 68). The man who is at the centre of this painting is Lenin who was the founder of Soviet Union; he is symbolically clasping the hands of future allies; a worker, a black American and a white Russian

Arab Heritage Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arab Heritage Discussion - Essay Example Nasser, respecting culture and respecting human rights issues. The nurse in this context should avail the right drugs to the patient as mother and daughter are culturally accustomed to over the counter prescription but schedule a follow up appointment the following day as the authority of physicians is seldom challenged Mrs. Nasser is to return with her daughter and a trusted elderly relative the following day for the follow-up examination. It is also advisable that when addressing this issue a health practitioner of Arab descent and a woman to be available during the follow-up. The nurse who preferably is a woman should explain the symptoms gradually with assistance from the health practitioner and the elderly relative. To address Mrs. Nasser’s concerns, the nurse should encourage the all three women to observe the nurse as she examines Samia explaining what she is doing. This should be done only after Mrs. Nasser understands that her daughter’s health should be taken to consideration and has given consent for the exam to be done. This is because according to Arab culture informed consent is highly valued (Purnell, 2014; Purnell,

Using an extended example critically examine whether the sector matrix Essay - 1

Using an extended example critically examine whether the sector matrix framework gives a better strategic understanding of product markets than the concepts of product or comodity chains - Essay Example een dominant concept within theoretical framework of economics as well as strategy studies as different theoretical frameworks such as BCG and Porter’s ideas gave rise to the overall concept of the value chain. However, on a much bigger scale, the idea of value chain encompasses a much larger significance because it interconnects different industries either within the borders or outside the borders of the company. This therefore also means that the global supply chain management is not just a mere concept but a social as well as economic phenomenon. The concept of global commodity chains emphasized on the spatial and territorial dimensions of doing business and is based on the concepts of global chains. A new and more innovative concept is the concept of sector matrix which outlines the interplay of demand and supply forces. By emphasizing the demand distribution and supply interaction, the sector matrix increases the field for visible as it attempts to define much more complicated activities and put more focus on redefining competition not from the perspective of the competing manufacturing systems but from really divergent prospective. Globalization of economic resources of the world have given rise to a new phenomenon where products are hardly produced in the domestic markets as there are innumerable linkages between different players which collectively contribute towards the development of chains which regulate the whole process of manufacturing activity. For example, NIKE outsources almost all of its manufacturing facilities and goods sold in US are made in various countries of the world. Porter’s ideas on the five forces indicate how the firm in a particular industry can gain the competitive advantage. The Porter’s five forces discuss the impact of buyer and suppliers on the given firm as the interaction of both the entities on the firm defines the overall competitive advantage of the firm. What is also however, critical to note that the existing

Just Take Away Their Guns Essay Example for Free

Just Take Away Their Guns Essay The president wants still tougher gun control legislation and thinks it will work. The public supports more gun control laws but suspects they wont work. The public is right. Legal restraints on the lawful purchase of guns will have little effect on the illegal use of guns. There are some 200 million guns in private ownership, about one-third of them handguns. Only about 2 percent of the latter are employed to commit crimes. It would take a Draconian, and politically impossible, confiscation of legally purchased guns to make much of a difference in the number used by criminals. Moreover, only about one-sixth of the handguns used by serious criminals are purchased from a gun shop or pawnshop. Most of these handguns are stolen, borrowed or obtained through private purchases that wouldnt be affected by gun laws. What is worse, any successful effort to shrink the stock of legally purchased guns (or of ammunition) would reduce the capacity of law-abiding people to defend themselves. Gun control advocates scoff at the importance of self-defense, but they are wrong to do so. Based on a household survey, Gary Kleck, a criminologist at Florida State University, has estimated that every year, guns are used that is, displayed or fired for defensive purposes more than a million times, not counting their use by the police. If his estimate is correct, this means that the number of people who defend themselves with a gun exceeds the number of arrests for violent crimes and burglaries. The available evidence supports the claim that self-defense is a legitimate form of deterrence. People who report to the National Crime Survey that they defended themselves with a weapon were less likely to lose property in a robbery or be injured in an assault than those who did not defend themselves. Statistics have shown that would-be burglars are threatened by gun-wielding victims about as many times a year as they are arrested (and much more often than they are sent to prison) and that the chances of a burglar being shot are about the same as his chances of going to jail. Cr iminals know these facts even if gun control advocates do not and so are less likely to burgle occupied homes in America than occupied ones in Europe, where the residents rarely have guns. Some gun control advocates may concede these points but rejoin that the cost of self-defense is self-injury: Handgun owners are more likely to shoot themselves or their  loved ones than a criminal. Not quite. Most gun accidents involve rifles and shotguns, not handguns. Moreover, the rate of fatal gun accidents has been declining while the level of gun ownership has been rising. There are fatal gun accidents just as there are fatal car accidents, but in fewer than 2 percent of the gun fatalities was the victim someone mistaken for an intruder. Those who urge us to forbid or severely restrict the sale of guns ignore these facts. Worse, they adopt a position that is politically absurd. In effect, they say, Your government, having failed to protect your person and your property from criminal assault, now intends to deprive you of the opportunity to protect yourself. Opponents of gun control make a different mistake. The National Rifle Association and its allies tell us that guns dont kill, people kill and urge the Government to punish more severely people who use guns to commit crimes. Locking up criminals does protect society from future crimes, and the prospect of being locked up may deter criminals. But our experience with meting out tougher sentences is mixed. The tougher the prospective sentence the less likely it is to be imposed, or at least to be imposed swiftly. If the Legislature adds on time for crimes committed with a gun, prosecutors often bargain away the add-ons; even when they do not, the judges in many states are reluctant to impose add-ons. Worse, the presence of a gun can contribute to the magnitude of the crime even on the part of those who worry about serving a long prison sentence. Many criminals carry guns not to rob stores but to protect themselves from other armed criminals. Gang violence has become more threatening to bystanders as gang members have begun to arm themselves. People may commit crimes, but guns make some crimes worse. Guns often convert spontaneous outbursts of anger into fatal encounters. When some people carry them on the streets, others will want to carry them to protect themselves, and an urban arms race will be underway. OUR GOAL SHOULD NOT BE THE disarming of law-abiding citizens. It should be to r educe the number of people who carry guns unlawfully, especially in places on streets, in taverns where the mere presence of a gun can increase the hazards we all face. The most effective way to reduce illegal gun-carrying is to encourage the police to take guns away from people who carry them without a permit. This means encouraging the police to make street frisks. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution bans unreasonable searches and seizures. In 1968 the Supreme  Court decided (Terry v. Ohio) that a frisk patting down a persons outer clothing is proper if the officer has a reasonable suspicion that the person is armed and dangerous. If a pat-down reveals an object that might be a gun, the officer can enter the suspects pocket to remove it. If the gun is being carried illegally, the suspect can be arrested. The reasonable-suspicion test is much less stringent than the probable-cause standard the police must meet in order to make an arrest. A reasonable suspicion, however, is more than just a hunch; it must be supported by specific facts. The courts have held, not always consistently, that these facts include someone acting in a way that leads an experienced officer to conclude criminal activity may be afoot; someone fleeing at the approach of an officer; a person who fits a drug courier profile; a motorist stopped for a traffic violation who has a suspicious bulge in his pocket; a suspect identified by a reliable informant as carrying a gun. The Supreme Court has also upheld frisking people on probation or parole. Some police departments frisk a lot of people, but usually the police frisk rather few, at least for the purpose of detecting illegal guns. In 1992 the police arrested about 240,000 people for illegally possessing or carrying a weapon. This is only about one-fourth as many as were arrested for public drunkenness. The average police officer will make no weapons arrests and confiscate no guns during any given year. Mark Moore, a professor of public policy at Harvard University, found that most weapons arrests were made because a citizen complained, not because the police were out looking for guns. It is easy to see why. Many cities suffer from a shortage of officers, and even those with ample law-enforcement personnel worry about having their cases thrown out for constitutional reasons or being accused of police harassment. But the risk of violating the Constitution or engaging in actual, as opposed to perceived, harassment can be substantially reduced. Each patrol officer can be given a list of people on probation or parole who live on that officers beat and be rewarded for making frequent stops to insure that they are not carrying guns. Officers can be trained to recognize the kinds of actions that the Court will a ccept as providing the reasonable suspicion necessary for a stop and frisk. Membership in a gang known for assaults and drug dealing could be made the basis, by statute or Court precedent, for gun frisks. And modern science can be enlisted to help. Metal detectors at  airports have reduced the number of airplane bombings and skyjackings to nearly zero. But these detectors only work at very close range. What is needed is a device that will enable the police to detect the presence of a large lump of metal in someones pocket from a distance of 10 or 15 feet. Receiving such a signal could supply the officer with reasonable grounds for a pat-down. Underemployed nuclear physicists and electronics engineers in the post-cold-war era surely have the talents for designing a better gun detector. Even if we do all these things, there will still be complaints. Innocent people will be stopped. Young black and Hispanic men will probably be stopped more often than older white Anglo males or women of any race. But if we are serious about reducing drive-by shootings, fatal gang wars and lethal quarrels in public places, we must get illegal guns off the street. We cannot do this by multiplying the forms one fills out at gun shops or by pretending that guns are not a problem until a criminal uses one. James Q. Wilson is a professor of public policy at U.C.L.A. His most recent book is The Moral Sense. ADS BY GOOGLE

Canada and the United States Ownership of the Arctic Region

Canada and the United States Ownership of the Arctic Region The Arctic region has been a neglected area for many years. However with the recent discovery of natural and mineral resources in the Arctic, countries such as the United States, Russia and other European countries have been presenting their keen interest in the cold territory. In the article Arctic Meltdown, written by Scott Borgerson, the author discusses the economic and the security consequences caused by the Global Warming.Global warming has contributed to the melting of the icecaps this led to the finding of forty-four billion barrels of natural gas liquids in the frozen area of the Arctic Circle. The discovery has escalated the fight between Russia, United States, Canada and other European countries over which state legally possess these resources creating the most crucial territorial dispute of the century.The article Arctic Meltdown, talks about the political issues caused in the Arctic creating hindrance to the negotiation made between countries claiming its possession of t he resources. Although the melting of the icecaps presents promising energy markets and the revolution of global shipping, serious problems such as the possibility of war over the territory in the Arctic region are currently being overlooked by the U.S. State Department and by the U.S. National Security Council. Since there are no legal structures available in responding to the great levels of ice-melting and to an organized development of the Arctic region, the territory is as a result in danger of being exploited by several money and power hungry countries.This proves that if a powerful country such as the United States does not step up and address the challenges faces in the Arctic, the issues evident will continue to worsen creating a possibility of a battle between nations in desire to control the abundant amount of resources available. This essay will employ the conceptual models of global politics such as realism and complex interdependence in understanding different dimensio ns evident to the current situation in the Arctic. Hence will examine on how the Canadian and U.S. governments should approach the issue. Overview of the situation in the Arctic region The melting of the icecap has sparked pre-existing issues relating to the land claims made by Russia, U.S and other countries in Europe, challenging Canadas Arctic sovereignty because of the increase interest of outside states of the resource available in the region. Ice caps in the Arctic are melting as a result more natural resources and minerals are being found. This has allowed a creation of shorter shipping routes that could potentially save billions of dollars each year for shipping companies.According to an estimate conducted by the U.S. geological survey and Statoil-Hydro of Norway, the Arctic carries about one quarter of the worlds remaining and undiscovered oil and gas sediments.Countries battle over the territory for the reason that it can economically prosper a country as a result increasing the states political influence and authority. This desire to attain power is embedded in every state, which is why tension is ignited amongst countries longing to achieve rights of th e Arctic. U.S and Canada relations in the Arctic Canada and the United States relationship have shown some frustration in pursuing its own interest in the Arctic. Both states display enthusiasm on the extraction of the resources and expansion of a strategic military region in the Arctic.Such keenness has raised a major number of issues such as the control over marine transportation in the Northwest Passage and the domineering of pollution problems. The predicament roots back in 1969 and 1970, when the use of the voyages S.S Manhattan, a U.S. tanker and C.G.S. Polar Sea, a U.S. icebreaker motivated the issue of Canadas sovereign control over its Arctic region that stimulated a debate nationally.The dispute over Canadian sovereignty of the Arctic waters led to the enactment of the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act that allows Canada to regulate over pollution inside a 100 mile zone. In 1970, the unhappy United States responds back stating that accepting the act would jeopardize the freedom of navigation essential for United Stat es activities worldwide.However in 1988, Canada and the United States signed an agreement on Arctic Co-operation, that allowed the U.S. icebreakers to voyage through the Arctic with some limitations and consent obtained from the Canadian government. The claim of territory in the Arctic by several countries has challenged Canadas sovereignty over the Arctic. In attempt to overcome the challenges, Canada dedicated fifty-one million dollars to help classify and map the border of its continental shelf in the Arctic to coincide upon the jurisdictions laid out in the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea also known as UNCLOS.The UNCLOS is an administration of law and command that regulates the worlds oceans and seas by setting up rules governing uses of all oceans and its resources.Canada ratified the UNCLOS in 2003; the United States on the other hand has not approved the UNCLOS even though the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations voted in 2004 advocating the ratification. To tackle the current crisis in the Arctic territory, it is essential for United States to come up with an agreement with Canada to help prevent the escalation of conflicts regarding the sea-water lines and its resources.Borgenson states in the article the Arctic Meltdown, that the decisions made by the Arctic powers in the coming years will therefore profoundly shape the future of the region for decades. He believes that without the U.S. participating in the decision making to find solutions for the claims made by the Arctic powers. Borgenson indicates that without the U.Ss leadership in this matter, the region could erupt in an armed mad dash for its resources. Realist theory approaches to the conflict Political realists in international politics strive to obtain power through the use of violence.They believe that throughout history nations have either vigorously prepared for violence or either convalescing from it due to war.The conceptual theory realism relies heavily on three assumptions; 1) states are leading actors and act as rational divisions; 2) the use of force is effective to obtain power as proven throughout the past [historic wars]; 3) and suppose that hierarchy in politics high politics dictates over low politics of economic and public dealings.In addition, realists assume that the international system is in a continuous state of anarchy; which is why protecting nations own interest is greatly valued because of the mistrust of agreement between other states or actors. Most importantly, the main objective of realism is to obtain power mostly through the use of military and economic means. To analyse the situation in the Arctic, it is essential to connect some of the cha racteristic of realism with the issue. In some parts, characteristics of realism can be closely related to the relationship of United States and Canada with the issue revolving around the Arctic. Canada claims sovereignty over the Arctic because of geographical and historical reasons to it. The United States searches to find a reason of somehow that the country has rights over the Arctic and its resources. Both states display their own interests in the region suggests characteristics of realism. Complex Interdependence approaches to the conflict Complex interdependence is a theory used in international politics that emphasis on the idea of economic independence. The theory includes three central characteristics. Firstly, the employment of multiple channels is strongly significant for the fact that it joins societies in transnational, interstate and trans-governmental affairs. Secondly, in complex interdependence theory, hierarchy is absent in which military security is least considered therefore does not dictate the agenda.The absence of hierarchy allows for the concentration of other issues pertaining to domestic policy. Lastly, the use of military force is not present between government to government conflicts.Military force in complex interdependence can be extraneous on working out on disputes on economic matters amid affiliates of an alliance, however may be essential for that alliances political and military relations with a rival bloc. Theories of complex interdependence can be closely related with the issue currently residing in the Arctic region. For instance, countries interested in the Arctic only display interest to a country or region if the state benefits from it. In this case, United States demonstrates their interest in the Arctic region because of the mass amount of natural resources the region carries. By protecting their interests, United States as well as Russia and other arctic states are taking measures such as arming icebreakers to secure their claims. Canada as a result retaliates by setting up security satellites surveillance system to look for ships intruding in its waters. Another reason why complex interdependence theory can be closely applied with this situation is because of approaches Canada and the United States are taking to help reach a decision. The U.S.-Canada Arctic Policy was an attempt to join interests in the two countries over the Arctic.Although no negotiations were made among the two states, both states made an effort to approach the issue without threatening to use military force. Unlike realism, complex interdependence theory places an importance on the roles of International Organizations in state to state conflicts. The situation over the control of the Arctic region closely relates to the model, complex interdependence. Complex interdependence is a model of theory known to be the most realistic by political scientists. A futuristic legal option that United States may consider is ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea along with other negotiations protecting interests of both countries. The unification of both countries on the issue may help tackle other problems presented by other countries claiming the resources and territories in the Arctic region. In conclusion, to overcome the battle between states over the Arctic territory, Canada and the United States will have to set aside their differences and reach to a decision combining interests from both of the states to prevent further conflicts. One way of achieving solution to this issue is by taking realistic legal measures such as codifying an agreement, law or settlement. This can only be successfully established if Canada and the United States join their self-interests of the Arctic by applying theories placed in the conceptual model, complex interdependence, to help maximize opportunities made available in the region.